Fig. 4: Cellular uptake of the WS2 by T. d and its catalytic denitrification performance.
From: Biohybrid-based pyroelectric bio-denitrification driven by temperature fluctuations
a Representative TEM images of cross-section slices of the WS2-fed cells, where the dark clusters in the solid-line circles are assigned to the accumulated WS2 nanoparticles (the inset image shows bare T. d)); representative of 10 images. b Stacked confocal images of T. d cells at different heights Z show the distribution of WS2 throughout the cell; representative of 10 images. c–e Variation of NO3− reduction rate (P1 = 0.0269, P2 = 3.5738 × 10−9) (c), ATP concentration (P3 = 4.7999 × 10−6, P4 = 8.6249 × 10−5) (d), and NADPH/NADP+ ratio (P5 = 0.0005, P6 = 0.0008) (e) in T. d-WS2. Data are presented as mean values ± SD derived from n = 3 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was conducted with paired two-tailed t test: *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001. Scale bars: 300 nm in (a), and 300 nm in the insert images. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
