Fig. 6: Potential of pyroelectric bio-denitrification for actual wastewater treatment.
From: Biohybrid-based pyroelectric bio-denitrification driven by temperature fluctuations
a–c Typical time course of NO3− reduction in swine wastewater (a), kitchen wastewater (b), and stainless-steel wastewater (c) over two successive cycles. d Schematic diagram of the A-A-O, H2-MABR, and BHPD processes. e, f Impact scores of all environmentally relevant descriptors, as assessed through the LCA (e), and economic cost (f) of these three routes with a membrane life of 15 years in H2-MABR process. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plots derived from 10,000 Monte Carlo simulation trials. In each plot, the central line within the box represents the median, while individual data points indicate the mean. The upper and lower edges of the box correspond to the 90th and 10th percentiles, respectively, and the whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
