Fig. 2: SNA-L and SNA-US induced robust and sustained innate immunity in idLN in vivo.

a Schematic illustration for engineering of the SNA library with tunable physicochemical properties for laser or ultrasound-tailored innate immunity activation in the idLN. b Representative fluorescence images of the idLN and major organs examined at 12 h post SNA1-13 injection (n = 3 biologically independent mice). The experiment was repeated twice independently with similar results. c Semi-quantification of the fluorescence signal in the idLN at 12 h post SNA1-13 injection. (n = 3 biologically independent mice). The experiment was repeated twice independently with similar results. d The absolute number of CD11c⁺ DC and the CD86 expression level of DC in the idLN after SNA treatment followed with indicated conditions of laser irradiation (n = 3 biologically independent mice). The experiment was repeated twice independently with similar results. e The absolute number of CD11c⁺ DC and the CD86 expression level of DC in the idLN after SNA treatment followed with indicated conditions of ultrasound stimulation (n = 3 biologically independent mice). The experiment was repeated twice independently with similar results. f The absolute number of CD11c⁺ DC and CD11b⁺ macrophages in the iLNs after indicated treatments (n = 3 biologically independent mice). The experiment was repeated twice independently with similar results. g The maturation levels of CD11c⁺ DC and CD11c⁺CD8α⁺ DC in the iLNs after indicated treatments (n = 3 biologically independent mice). The experiment was repeated twice independently with similar results. h The IFN-β and IL-12P70 production in the idLN after SNA or SNA-L treatment (n = 3 biologically independent mice). The experiment was repeated twice independently with similar results. i The IFN-β and IL-12P70 production in the idLN after SNA or SNA-US treatment (n = 3 biologically independent mice). The experiment was repeated twice independently with similar results. Unless specified otherwise, the data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated via unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (h, i) and P-values were indicated. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. The elements in Fig. 2a were created by Adobe Photoshop.