Fig. 4: Whole-RNA transcriptome analysis of Torin1-treated hiPSC-epicardium.

a PCA of Torin1-treated and untreated d31 hiPSC-epicardial monolayers (black circles, control, n = 3; purple circles Torin1, n = 3). b Differentially enriched gene plot (DE Plot) highlighting up- and down-regulated genes upon Torin1 treatment. mRNA expression analysis for (c) genes related to fetal epicardial program (TJP1, WT1, TBX18, ALDH1A2, CDH18), (d) genes related to EMT (SNAI1, SNAI2, TFEB, CDH2, CDH1), (e) genes related to quiescence (RB1, HES1) and proliferation (MKI67, PCNA, MCM2), (f), genes related to fatty acid oxidation (PDK4, PPARGC1A, SIRT1, FASN, SREBF1) (control, black bars; Torin1, purple bars; n = 3). Heatmap showing up- and down-regulated gene signatures required for the activation of epicardial quiescence and maturation enriched in Torin1-treated hiPSC-epicardium (g, h) compared to primary tissue of human adult epicardium (GSE84085) (i, j). Data are presented as means ± s.e.m.; two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Source data is provided as a Source Data file.