Fig. 4: Stabilization of Cu+ at appropriate fraction for ethanol electrosynthesis. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Stabilization of Cu+ at appropriate fraction for ethanol electrosynthesis.

From: In situ stabilization of Cu+ for CO2 Electroreduction via Environmental-molecules-induced ZnO1-x shield

Fig. 4

a Potential-depended Operando normalized XANES spectra of ZnO1-x-Cu2O/Cu catalysts during CO2RR and references of CuO, Cu2O, and Cu foil at the Cu K edge. b Average oxidation state of Cu in the ZnO1-x-Cu2O/Cu during CO2RR. c The corresponding k3-weighted FT-EXAFS spectra in R-space. d HRTEM image of ZnO1-x-Cu2O/Cu (the insets show the corresponding elemental mapping and high-resolution STEM-HAADF image). e EELS signals of Cu L at different tagged sites in (d). f The comparisons in term of the cross-sectional charge densities of ZnO1-x and Cu when applying charges on ZnO1-x-Cu2O/Cu. g Correlation of FEC2+ with the Cu+ fraction in total Cu species at different cathodic potentials. h Correlation of FEC2H5OH with the Cu+ fraction in total Cu species at different cathodic potentials. i Correlation of FEC2H4 with the Cu+ fraction in total Cu speices at different cathodic potentials. Relevant source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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