Fig. 5: DEA devices for extreme environments. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: DEA devices for extreme environments.

From: Elastic and ultra stable ionic conductors for long-life-time soft robots working at extreme environments

Fig. 5

a The working principles of DEAs which can work at extreme environments. b The actuation area strain of DEAs using SBMA-EG-2 M-LiCl, carbon grease, AAm-H2O-2 M-LiCl and PVDF-50 as electrode layer, f = 200 mHz. c The actuation area strain of DEAs at 100 °C before and after 20 min using AAm-H2O-2 M-LiCl as electrode layer. d The actuation area strain of DEAs at −20 °C before and after 1 day using AAm-H2O-2 M-LiCl as electrode layer. e The actuation area strain of DEAs at 100 °C before and after 20 min using SBMA-EG-2 M-LiCl as electrode layer. f The actuation area strain of DEAs at −20 °C before and after 1 day using SBMA-EG-2 M-LiCl as electrode layer. g Lifetime and lifetime ratio of DEAs with SBMA-EG-2 M-LiCl and PVDF-50 electrode layer at 25, 60 and 100 °C. h Area strain and lifetime of DEAs with SBMA-EG-2 M-LiCl and PVDF-50 electrode layer at 60 °C. i Comparison of performance of our DEAs based on EG gels and previously reported DEAs.

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