Fig. 6: Atomic models of FoF1 with triple peripheral stalks.
From: Engineering of ATP synthase for enhancement of proton-to-ATP ratio
a Composite map and atomic models for the F1 and Fo regions of the triple-stalk FoF1. The middle regions of the b-subunits could not be modeled due to the lack of clear density. b The top view of the structure. The close-up view shows the side view of the interaction between δΔN-α fusion and the b2 dimer. c The view from the bottom of the structure shown in (a). d The superposition of the three a-subunits (green, purple, and blue) in the triple-stalk Fo.
