Fig. 6: Measurement results validating the APM array’s performance in dynamic beamforming and incident-field perception.
From: Adaptively programmable metasurface for intelligent wireless communications in complex environments
a, b The measurement scattering patterns for dynamic beamforming when the feed horn antenna is placed at θ = 0° and − 20°, respectively. c, e The calculated magnitudes and phases of the received signals by the 6 × 6 sensing elements with Equation (S1). d, f The measured magnitudes and phases by the 6 × 6 sensing elements. Here, m and n denote the indices of the column and row. g The relationship between the actual angle and estimated angle in the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation experiment.
