Fig. 6: Immunological features distinguish between high and low molFOI participants.

a Distribution of molFOI in the 2011 season for the 201 participants for whom we had both genetic and serology data. We compared low and high molFOI participants in the following analyses, who are colored in orange and teal, respectively (see Supplemental Table 2 for details on molFOI ranges used here and in other versions of this analysis). b We identified serological features with significant differences between high and low molFOI groups, using two-sided Mann–Whitney tests with Benjamini–Hochberg corrections for multiple comparisons. Each point here represents a serological feature in the analysis. The x-axis shows the difference between the average value of that feature in the high molFOI vs. low molFOI groups; points greater than zero were expressed more in the high molFOI group and points less than zero were expressed more in the low molFOI group. The y-axis shows the −log10 of the adjusted p values; points above the dashed line were significant. Significant features are labeled. c Raw data from FcγRIIIAV binding to the c-terminal of CSP, one of the features that was significant in this analysis (two-sided Mann–Whitney test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons; W = 112, uncorrected P = 0.00018, corrected P = 0.015; confidence interval not applicable). d Raw data from FcγRIIIAV binding to RH5, the other significant feature in this analysis (two-sided Mann–Whitney test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons; W = 127, uncorrected P = 0.00068, corrected P = 0.030; confidence interval not applicable). In (c, d), each point represents a single participant. Violin plots represent the density of the distribution, with horizontal lines representing the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles. CSP circumsporozoite protein, molFOI molecular force of infection, RH5 reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5.