Fig. 4: siR/RSV@TNP protected BCSF-B integrity by inhibiting ROS and inflammation in the ChP epithelial cells.

a Flow cytometry to test the ROS in primary choroid plexus epithelial cells after different treatments. b ROS elimination evaluation in primary ChP epithelial cells, n = 3 biological replicates for each group. c Western blot result of NF-κB, pNF-κB and TNF-α. d Immunofluorescence of TNF-α in ChP epithelial cells. e Expression of TNF-α in ChP epithelial cells with different treatments, n = 4 biological replicates for each group. Scale bar, 30 μm. f Immunofluorescence of p-NF-κB. Scale bar, 30 μm. g Western blot result of IL-1β. h Western blot result of p-PI3K, p-mTOR, and p-AKT. i Preparation of macrophage conditional medium. Illustration created using Microsoft PowerPoint by the author. j Expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in ChP epithelial cells treated with conditional medium and different materials, n = 4 biological replicates for each group respectively. k Schematic illustration of the mechanisms of siR/RSV@TNP in protecting BCSF-B integrity. Illustration created using Microsoft PowerPoint by the author, incorporating elements (siR/RSV@TNP) adapted from in BioRender. Gao, H. (2025) https://BioRender.com/i60a962. All data are presented as mean ± SD. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test or Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test were used for the statistical comparison among multiple groups, respectively. Statistical analyses were conducted with a 95% confidence interval, and significance was defined as p < 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.