Fig. 3: New biomarker discovery strategy revealing 2 pairs of site-specific glycan ratios as high-performance gastric cancer biomarkers.

a Number of quantified site-specific glycans with different thresholds by GlyPep-Quant and by quantification only from MS2 identification. b AUC values and ROCs of serum CEA in discovery cohort (red) and validation cohort (blue). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. c Structures of glycans in two pairs of the screened site-specific glycan quantitative ratios with the top performance. d Representative MS2 spectra of glycopeptide (with sialyl-Lewis structure): “TLNQSSDELQLSMGNAMFVK linked with H7N6S4F2”, which corresponds to P01011-N127 H7N6S4F1; B/Y fragment ions (green/yellow) and b/y fragment ions (blue/red) are labeled in the spectrum. e The abundance distributions of these ratios in discovery and validation cohorts. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. f–i AUC values and ROCs of site-specific glycan ratios and their respective quantification values in discovery cohort and validation cohort. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.