Fig. 2: Working principle and characteristics of the MC-PIS for bi-directional bending sensing. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Working principle and characteristics of the MC-PIS for bi-directional bending sensing.

From: Magnetic crack-based piezoinductive mechanical sensors: way to extreme robustness and ultra-sensitivity

Fig. 2

a Illustrations showing the working principle for bi-directional bending and camera images of the stretchable liquid metal coil and the flexible Cu planar coil. b Inductance variation of the MC-PIS at a bending angle from −327° to 327°. The inset emphasizes no hysteresis of inductance changes during a bending-releasing cycle. c Inductance variation of the MC-PIS during an incremental bending and releasing tests with a step of 1°. The inset shows inductance variation with a small bending angle change (0.01°), indicating the high precision detection limit of the MC-PIS. d Long-term stability of the sensor undergoes 50,000 bending-releasing cycles between 110° and 120°. e Negligible performance degradation of the MC-PIS while the CFF layer was half-scratched (1) and full-scratched (split the CFF in half) with a tweezer. f Inductance changes of the MC-PIS when it was heated from 27 °C to 70 °C, and submerged in water of different temperatures (20 °C, 82 °C, 2.8 °C). g Comparison of the MC-PIS with respect to the state-of-the-art bending sensors in aspects of detection resolution (data points/degree), bending angle range, and mechanical robustness.

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