Fig. 3: Fabrication and characterization of P-Mn/TI@mHSA.

a SEM images of PLT, aPLT, and cPLT. Scale bars: 1 μm. b SEM images of P-Mn/TI@mHSA and enlarged images of P-Mn/TI@mHSA (Mn/TI@mHSA, magenta color; cPLT, yellow color). Scale bars: 0.5 μm. c Confocal microscopy images of P-Mn/TI@mHSA, in which the cPLT and Mn/TI@mHSA were labeled with DiO (green) and Cy5 (red), respectively. Scale bar: 10 µm. d The expression of platelet activation markers in cPLT and P-Mn/TI@mHSA. GAPDH panel serves as loading control. e Fluorescence images and f relative fluorescence intensity of Cy5 in either cells or supernatant following the incubation of P-Mn/TI@mHSA in PBS with or without H₂O₂ (10 mM), indicating the ROS-triggered release of Cy5-labeled Mn/TI@mHSA from platelets. g Fluorescence images showing the minimal release of Cy5-labeled Mn/TI@mHSA from P-Mn/TI@mHSA-N dispersed in PBS with or without H₂O₂ (10 mM). h Percentage of cumulative release of TI from P-Mn/TI@mHSA after incubation in PBS with or without H₂O₂ (10 mM) for 12 h detected by HPLC. For (a–d), experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. For (f, h), data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). For (f), statistical significance was determined using using one-way ANOVA. For (h), statistical significance was determined using two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.