Fig. 1: Overview of PTFE lifecycle and defluorination strategies.
From: Room-temperature defluorination of PTFE and PFAS via sodium dispersion

A Industrial utility of PTFE and end of its lifecycle, such as incineration, landfilling, defluorination and potential recycling to PTFE. B Defluorination approaches: (a–d) High-temperature methods. (e–h) Low-temperature methods (surface modification of PTFE). C State-of-the-art by (a) Yanagihara and Katoh (2020), (b) Crimmin (2023), (c) Shibata (this work).