Fig. 8: Characterizations of catalytic mechanisms.

In-situ IR spectra of a 30In-Mn, (b) MnCO3, and c In2O3 in 23vol.% CO2/H2 atmosphere at 4.0 MPa with photo irradiations; In-situ IR spectra of d 30In-Mn, (e) MnCO3 and f In2O3 in 23vol.% CO2/H2 atmosphere at 4.0 MPa without photo irradiations; g In-situ C 1 s XPS of 30In-Mn after being pretreated in 23vol.% CO2/H2 atmosphere at 4.0 MPa and 100 °C and 150 °C; h DFT calculations for CO2 adsorption over MnCO3 and 30In-Mn.