Fig. 4: MD simulation of the AKR–3,5-BTAP binding complex.

a Equilibrated binding conformation of AKR–3,5-BTAP, (b) RMSD profiles of the binding components, (c) Profile of the distance between the geometric centers of W21 sidechain and aromatic ring of 3,5-BTAP, (d) and (e) Value and distribution of the key improper dihedral ∠C6-C10-C9-H across the MD simulation. The access path of hydrogen atom (H) to the carbonyl carbon atom (C9) is indicated by a magenta dotted line. The π−π stacking and hyrogen bond interactions are indicated by cyan and pale green dotted lines.