Fig. 4: PEI25k-GalNAc@siRubicon ameliorates hepatocellular steatosis induced by FFAs.
a IF staining visualizes intracellular lipid droplet accumulation in response to varying FFA concentrations. b quantitative assessment of lipid droplet size and c average lipid droplet count per cell under differential concentrations of FFA exposure (n = 7). d IF staining and e quantification of Rubicon in hepatocytes subjected to diverse FFA concentrations (n = 4). f Western blot analysis and g quantification of autophagy markers p62 and Rubicon in hepatocytes treated with 300 μM FFA (n = 3). h Western blot evaluation and i quantification of Rubicon protein levels in hepatocytes after transfection with distinct siRubicon sequences (n = 3). j RT-PCR analysis determining Rubicon gene expression post-transfection with various siRubicon sequences in hepatocytes (n = 4). k Free cholesterol (FC) and l triglyceride (TG) content quantification to gauge the extent of FFA-induced steatosis under alternative treatments (n = 3). m Bodipy staining and n its quantification to analyze the impact of different interventions on FFA-induced hepatic steatosis (n = 3). o Oil Red O staining and p corresponding quantitation to assess the degree of FFA-induced steatosis across disparate treatment regimens (n = 6). Statistical significance is denoted by * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001, insignificance was not represented. Error bars indicate means ± SEM in (b, c, e, g, i–l, n, and p). Data were analyzed by oneway ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
