Fig. 4: Suppression of YTHDF1 in tumor cells triggered by sEiNS.

a YTHDF1 mRNA expression levels in Huh7 and Hepa1-6 cells following treatment with diverse nanomedicines (n = 3 independent experiments). b YTHDF1 protein expression levels in Huh7 and Hepa1-6 cells after exposure to various nanomedicines (n = 3 independent experiments). Cell viability of (c) Huh 7 and (d) Hepa1-6 cells assessed by MTT assay following treatment with various formulations (n = 3 independent experiments). e Representative images and (f) quantification of clonal assay in Huh7 and hepa1-6 cells with treatment of various formulations were presented (n = 3 independent experiments). g, h Apoptosis analysis and statistical evaluation of apoptosis rates in Huh7 and Hepa1-6 cells treated with sPPN, sEiNS, and Lipo/s for 24 h (n = 3 independent experiments). i Treatments of HCC patients-derived PDOs in different treatment groups (n = 3 independent experiments). Scale bar, 100 µm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (a, f, g), or two-way ANOVA (c, d). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.