Fig. 4: Simulated optical properties of right-handed GND assemblies.

a Schematic illustration of the structural parameters of a GND dimer (n = 2). Simulated b extinction and c CD spectra of GND dimers with different k-vector directions (L = 108 nm, D = 30 nm, d = 21 nm, θ = 32°). Simulated d extinction, e CD, and f g-factor spectra of helical GND oligomers with different n values (L = 108 nm, D = 30 nm, d = 21 nm, θ = 32°). Simulated CD spectra of stacked GND dimers with different g θ values (L = 94 nm, D = 23.5 nm, d = 17.4 nm), h L values (D = 23.5 nm, d = 17.4 nm, θ = 35°), and i D values (L = 100 nm, d = 17 nm, θ = 35°). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.