Fig. 7: A working model showing arbovirus manipulates the performance of herbivorous insects and host plants by regulating the protein stability of OsChtBL1.

In RSV-infected rice, the RSV-encoded P2 protein recruits OsRING18 to promote OsChtBL1 degradation via the 26S proteasome, thereby suppressing OsChtBL1-mediated dual resistance against both SBPH and RSV, while enhancing SBPH performance and virus acquisition. In healthy rice, OsChtBL1 accumulates in the SBPH food canal, inhibiting SBPH performance and virus transmission. Concurrently, OsChtBL1 activates rice antiviral immunity.