Fig. 3: ECO₂RR performance evaluation in H-cell.

a LSV curves of Ni_n-C/Cl, Zn₁-C/Cl, and Ni₁-C/Cl under CO₂ atmosphere. b FE_COs of Ni_n-C/Cl, Zn₁-C/Cl, and Ni₁-C/Cl under different potentials. c j_COs of Ni_n-C/Cl, Zn₁-C/Cl, and Ni₁-C/Cl under different potentials. d C_dls of Ni_n-C/Cl, Zn₁-C/Cl, and Ni₁-C/Cl. e ECSA normalized j_COs of Ni_n-C/Cl, Zn₁-C/Cl, and Ni₁-C/Cl. f ECO₂RR performance comparisons of Ni₁-C/Cl with other recently reported electrocatalysts in H-cell (0.5 M KHCO₃ as the electrolyte)^{33,35,44,45,46,47,48,49}. g Long-term stability test of Ni₁-C/Cl. The flow rate of CO₂ inlet was 30 mL min⁻¹ (sccm). The measured resistance of the H-cell containing 0.5 M KHCO₃ electrolyte was 5.89 ± 0.04 Ω. The potentials were presented without iR compensation. The error bars correspond to the standard deviations were acquired based on three independent experiments under the same testing conditions. Source data are provided as a Source data file.