Fig. 2: SsCm1 lowers the levels of basic immunity and resistance to pathogens in Arabidopsis. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: SsCm1 lowers the levels of basic immunity and resistance to pathogens in Arabidopsis.

From: A fungal effector promotes infection via stabilizing a negative regulatory factor of chloroplast immunity

Fig. 2

a, b SsCm1 enhances fungal infection in Arabidopsis. Morphology of Col-0, 35S:GFP-1/2, and 35S:SsCm1-1/2 lines grown for 3 weeks and disease symptoms of plants challenged with UF-1, Δoah, or B. cinerea (a). Centre lines show the medians; box limits indicate the 25th–75th percentiles; whiskers extend to 1.5×the interquartile range from the 25th–75th percentiles; the top lines represent maxima and the bottom lines represent minima; all points (n = 36, n represents the total number of measured lesions with 3 biological replicates) are overlaid (b). c, d SsCm1 enhances DC3000 infection in Arabidopsis. Leaves of Col-0 and 35S:SsCm1-1/2 were syringe-infiltrated with DC3000 (OD600 = 0.0005). Disease symptoms (c) and bacterial growth quantification (d) at 3 dpi. *p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons test; mean ± SD; n = 4 biological replicates). e, f SsCm1 inhibits callose deposition induced by PAMPs in Arabidopsis. Leaves were infiltrated with water, 1 µM flg22, 200 µg/mL chitin, or 50 µg/mL SCFE, and aniline blue staining was performed at 24 hpi. SsCm1 inhibits stomatal closure (g) and ethylene production (h) induced by PAMPs in Arabidopsis. Leaves were treated with water or PAMPs for 6 h, stomatal aperture was calculated and ethylene emission was measured. i–n SsCm1 inhibits the expression of defense-related genes induced by PAMPs in Arabidopsis. Leaves were treated with water or PAMPs for 12 h and the expression of the immune marker genes was normalized to the levels of AtActin2 transcript. Data are presented as fold induction relative to the expression before treatment, which is set to baseline of 1. o SsCm1 decreases SA biosynthesis induced by PAMPs in Arabidopsis. Leaves were treated with water or PAMPs for 12 h and total SA content was quantified. For b, f–o, data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, and data points with different letters indicate significant differences of p < 0.05. For f–o, data represent the mean ± SD (n = 3 biological replicates). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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