Fig. 1: Characterization of cardiac MacroD1 expression and its response to septic challenge.

A UMAP plot illustrating the clustering of distinct cardiac cell populations. B UMAP plot comparing the composition of cardiac cell types between control (CON) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated groups. C Bar graph representing the relative proportion of each cardiac cell type in the CON and LPS groups. D UMAP plot showing the density of MacroD1-positive cells across various cardiac cell types. E Dot plot displaying the expression levels of MacroD1 across multiple cell types in the CON and LPS groups. F, G Western blotting (WB) examination of MacroD1 protein in major organs of mice (n = 4). H Immunofluorescent staining to show the colocalization of MacroD1 (red) and TOM20 (green for mitochondria) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). The cell nucleus was counterstained with DAPI (blue). I WB of MacroD1 expression in cell fractions of NRCMs (Cyto: Cytoplasm without mitochondria; Mito: Mitochondria). J, K WB of MacroD1 expression in hearts of mice 18 h post-intraperitoneal injection of vehicle (Veh) or LPS (10 mg/kg) (n = 4). L–O WB, and quantitative analysis of MacroD1 proteins in NRCMs (L and M) or AC16 cells (N and O) after LPS stimulation (1 μg/ml) in indicated time points (n = 4 cell samples from independent experiments). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. Data analysis was conducted utilizing one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (G, M, O). Data analysis was conducted using a two-tailed unpaired Student t test (K). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.