Table 1 Initial optimization of the telomerization of isoprene and CO2

From: Gram-scale selective telomerization of isoprene and CO2 toward 100% renewable materials

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Entrya

Deviation from optimal

Selectivity 1 (%)b

Yield (%)c

Ratio 1a:1b

1

PPh3

69

12

1:3

2

None

78

17 (15)d

1:2.0

3

P(o-OMe-Ph)3

30

2

1:10

4

80 °C

60

8

1:3

5

4 MPa CO2

81

19

1:2.0

6

Pd(OAc)2

56

11

1:4

7

Pd(MeCN)2Cl2

61

8

1:2.4

8

Pd2(dba)3 ⋅ CHCl3

7

<1

1:0.6

9

Pd nanoparticles

n.d.

0

n.d.

10

Pd/CeO2

n.d.

0

n.d.

11

LaFe0.95Pd0.05O3

n.d.

0

n.d.

12

Anhydrous TBAAc

n.d.

0

n.d.

13

Anhydrous TBAAc exposed to air for 15 min

59

9

1:3

  1. aReaction conditions: isoprene (25 mmol), Pd(acac)2 (0.10 mol%), P(p-Tol)3 (0.20 mol%), TBAAc (2.0 mol%), MeCN (2.5 mL), CO2 (2 MPa), 70 °C, 24 h. bDetermined by GC-FID area ratio of 1 versus all isoprene-derived products. cGC-FID yield with external standard n-decane. dIsolated yield.
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