Fig. 2: Incipient plasticity characterization of KNLNST-xCuO. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Incipient plasticity characterization of KNLNST-xCuO.

From: Oxygen vacancy-induced strengthening and toughening in (K,Na)NbO3-based piezoceramics revealed via nanoindentation

Fig. 2

a Typical load-depth curves of KNLNST-xCuO within a shallow depth of 60 nm under a nominal strain rate of 0.02 s−1. The red curve indicates the fitting of the load-depth curve prior to pop-in behavior based on the Hertzian equation. b Average maximum shear stress τmax and activation volume V * of KNLNST-xCuO. c The calculated nucleation rate of KNLNST-xCuO with increasing applied shear stress and the nucleation rate of KNLNST-xCuO at an applied shear stress of 6.5 GPa for comparison in the inset.

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