Fig. 6: Anti-tumor efficacy and biocompatibility of inhaled CARmRNA@aCD206 sEVs in vivo.

a Schematic illustration of treatment and immune analysis schedules in a murine lung metastatic tumor model. b Bioluminescence images of tumor-bearing mice treated with PBS, MockmRNA@aCD206 sEVs, CARmRNA@sEVs, or CARmRNA@aCD206 sEVs on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 (n = 3 mice). c Bioluminescence intensity analysis reflecting the tumor burden of mice in each group (n = 3 mice). G1: PBS, G2: MockmRNA@aCD206 sEV, G3: CARmRNA@sEV, G4: CARmRNA@aCD206 sEV. d Representative lung images (upper panel) and H&E-stained sections (lower panel) from mice in each group after different sEV treatments for 14 days (n = 3 mice). Scale bar: 100 μm. e Survival analysis of B16-MSLN tumor-bearing mice in different groups (n = 10 mice). G1: PBS, G2: MockmRNA@aCD206 sEV, G3: CARmRNA@sEV, G4: CARmRNA@aCD206 sEV. f Body weight curve of B16-MSLN tumor-bearing mice after different treatments (n = 3 mice). G1: PBS, G2: MockmRNA@aCD206 sEV, G3: CARmRNA@sEV, G4: CARmRNA@aCD206 sEV. g Serum biochemical indices of healthy mice treated with PBS or CARmRNA@aCD206 sEV (n = 3 mice). h H&E staining of the major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney) in the mice after PBS or CARmRNA@aCD206 sEV inhalation (n = 3 mice). Scale bar: 50 μm. i Body weight curve of mice after inhalation of PBS or CARmRNA@aCD206 sEVs (n = 3 mice). For (b–i), the dosage of sEVs used was 2 × 109 mRNA copies/kg. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.