Fig. 8: Tumor recurrence inhibition and long-term immune memory response mediated by CARmRNA@aCD206 sEVs.

a Representative flow cytometry plots and b statistical analysis of naïve T cells (CD45+CD3+CD8+CD44‒CD62L+), TCM cells (CD45+CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L+), and TEM cells (CD45+CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L‒) in the lymph nodes of B16-MSLN-bearing mice treated with PBS (G1), MockmRNA@aCD206 sEV (G2), CARmRNA@sEV (G3), or CARmRNA@aCD206 sEV (G4) (n = 6 mice). c Schematic illustration of the experiment to assess CARmRNA@aCD206 sEV-induced long-term immune memory to inhibit tumor recurrence. d Bioluminescence images showing the tumor burden of naïve or CARmRNA@aCD206 sEV-cured mice rechallenged with B16 or B16-MSLN cells (n = 3 mice). e Survival analysis of naïve or CARmRNA@aCD206 sEV-cured mice rechallenged with B16 or B16-MSLN cells (n = 10 mice). For (a, b) and (d, e), the dosage of sEVs used was 2 × 109 mRNA copies/kg. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test in (b). **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.