Fig. 1: Single cell (sc) RNA seq analysis for assessment of ILC heterogeneity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp patients.

A Schematic diagram of experimental study design for single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of nasal polyp tissues. Created in BioRender. Wang, Z. (2025) https://BioRender.com/xarrgf5. B Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plots of purified and sorted viable CD45⁺Lin^⁻ cells from five chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) patients. Each dot represents a single cell, with different innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets shown in different colors. C Signature genes for identification of ILC subsets. D The scatter plot manifesting the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ILC2_c01 and ILC2_c02 subsets in polyp tissue of CRSwNP patients, colored by adjusted P-values. Adjusted P-values were calculated by a two-tailed Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction. E Over-representation analysis showing enriched immune pathways of the ILC2_c02 cluster compared to ILC2_c01 cluster. P-values were calculated by right-tailed Fisher’s Exact Test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. F RNA velocity analysis of ILC2_c01 and ILC2_c02 subsets with velocity field projected onto the UMAP plot from Fig. 1B. Arrows show the local average velocity evaluated on a regular grid and indicate the extrapolated future states of cells. G Monocle pseudo-time analysis revealing the progression between ILC2_c01 and ILC2_c02 subsets in polyp tissue. H Heatmap of the level of expression for 2621 differentially expressed genes over the pseudo-time trajectory (shown on the left), highlighting specific representative genes in each gene cluster (shown along the right margin).