Fig. 5: Response of TLR4⁺ILC2s and TLR4^⁻ILC2s in lungs of HDM-sensitized mice challenged with a secondary unrelated allergen (papain).

A Experimental protocol for HDM + HDM sensitization in Rag1^⁻/⁻mice. i.n., intranasal administration; HDM, house dust mite. B Representative image of MUC5AC immunohistochemistry staining picture. C, D Representative contour plots analysis of total ILC2s (C), TLR4⁺ILC2s and TLR4^⁻ILC2s (D). E Number of total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), percentage of total ILC2s, TLR4⁺ILC2s, TLR4^⁻ILC2s, concentration of tissue IL-13 and percentage of MUC5AC⁺cells among the epithelial cells (n = 5 mice per group). Each symbol indicates one mouse, and bars represent mean ± SEM. F Experimental protocol for HDM + papain sensitization in Rag1^⁻/⁻mice. G Representative image of MUC5AC immunohistochemistry staining picture. H, I Representative contour plots analysis of total ILC2s (H), TLR4⁺ILC2s and TLR4^⁻ILC2s (I). J Number of total cells in the BALF, percentage of total ILC2s, TLR4⁺ILC2s, TLR4^⁻ILC2s, concentration of tissue IL-13, and percentage of MUC5AC⁺cells among the epithelial cells (n = 5 mice per group). Each symbol indicates one mouse, and bars represent mean ± SEM. Data for each experimental protocol were pooled from two independent experiments. P-values were calculated by two-tailed one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test.