Fig. 4: Effects of exogenous LplA expression on cellular metabolism in adherent CHO cells.

PDH activity (a), OGDH activity (b), immunoblotting for HIF-1α protein (c), mitochondrial respiration (d), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (e) in WT, MTS-GFP, GFP-LplA, and MTS-GFP-LplA cells. f The mitochondrial respiration of MTS-GFP-LplA cells upon 0, 10, and 20 μM lipoic acid addition in the medium. g The relative ROS level in WT, MTS-GFP, GFP-LplA, and MTS-GFP-LplA cells upon 0, 10, and 20 μM lipoic acid addition in the medium. HIF-1α and GAPDH antibodies are used as primary antibodies, and data were representative of at least three independent experiments in (c). Data were represented as mean ± SD (n = 3 in a, b, e, g, n = 5 in c, n = 8 in d, n = 6 in f, n biologically independent samples). One-way ANOVA was used for the statistical analyses for (a–c, e), two-way ANOVA was used for (d, f, g). P adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase, OGDH alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, HIF-1α hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, ROS reactive oxygen species. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.