Fig. 8: Characterization of engineered algae cells. | Nature Communications

Fig. 8: Characterization of engineered algae cells.

From: Boosting energy metabolism and biosynthesis in diverse organisms by a common bacterial salvage lipoylation protein

Fig. 8

Cell growth curve (a, b), respiratory activities (c, d), photosynthesis activities (e, h), ratio of NADH/NAD+ (f, i), and targeted free fatty acid content (g, j) in cultured P. tricornutum (a, c, e–g) and S. elongatus (b, d, h–j). Data were represented as mean ± SD (n = 3 in f, g, i, j, n = 4 in c–e, h, n biologically independent samples). k Exogenous expression of E. coli LplA in cyanobacteria and diatoms increases the lipoylation level of key metabolism enzymes (E2 subunit of PDH and OGDH, GCSH) and then enhances the energy metabolism, cofactor supply, and fatty acid biosynthesis. The black pentagrams indicate proteins that are modified using lipoic acid. Blue lines represent the glucose degradation pathway. Orange lines represent the glycerol degradation pathway. Green lines represent the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. One-way ANOVA was used for the statistical analyses for (f), an unpaired two-sided t-test was used for (c–e, h–j), two-way ANOVA was used for (g). P adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. Chl chlorophyll, F6P fructose-6-phosphate, Ru5P ribulose-5-phosphate, SBP sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate, DHAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate, PGA 3-phospho-D-glycerate, AcCoA acetyl-CoA, Pyr pyruvate, PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase, OGDH oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, TCA tricarboxylic acid cycle, FAS fatty acid synthesis. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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