Table 1 Summary of 5,6-core series optimization guided by ligand-based relative binding (L-RB-FEP+) and protein residue mutation (PRM-FEP+) predictions

From: Harnessing free energy calculations for kinome-wide selectivity in drug discovery campaigns with a Wee1 case study

 

AZD1775

Compound 2

Compound 9

Compound 10

Chemical structure

 Wee1 L-RB-FEP+ IC50 [nM]

n/a

25

4

0.1

 Wee1 ADP-Glo IC50 [nM]

0.4

5.3

7.8

0.7

 PLK1 ADP-Glo IC50 [nM]

75.7

> 10,000

> 10,000

> 10,000

PRM-FEP+ ΔpKi

    

 Asn → Thr

−1.9

−0.3

−2.1

−2.0

 Asn → Phe

−2.1

1.6

−3.8

−5.2

 Asn → Met

−1.4

0.9

−2.2

−2.3

 Asn → Leu

−3.1

−0.2

−3.3

−3.7

 Asn → Val

−1.7

−1.1

−0.5

−1.2

Wee1 Selectivity fold (GK)

    

 ABL1 (Thr)

>1000

10

3

5

 ERK2 (Thr)

>1000

910

>1000

>1000

 KIT (Thr)

>1000

290

>1000

>1000

 PDGFRb (Thr)

>1000

7

40

150

 CDK9 (Phe)

>1000

210

>1000

>1000

 CLK4 (Phe)

>1000

16

>1000

>1000

 DYRK1A (Phe)

>1000

50

>1000

>1000

 FLT3 (Phe)

>1000

0.7

>1000

610

 HIPK2 (Phe)

>1000

20

940

>1000

 TRKA (Phe)

>1000

0.3

450

100

 AKT1 (Met)

>1000

>1000

>1000

>1000

 CSNK1E (Met)

>1000

620

190

>1000

 JAK2 (Met)

>1000

12

130

77

 MAP4K2 (Met)

>1000

4

12

33

 NEK2 (Met)

>1000

6

0.8

54

 AXL (Leu)

>1000

14

140

690

 MERTK (Leu)

>1000

5

550

>1000

 RET (Val)

>1000

13

17

210

 IRAK4 (Tyr)

>1000

16

400

>1000

 SLK (Ile)

>1000

14

10

110

Subpanel by GK < 100-fold (scanMAX by GK with %Ctrl < 10)

    

 % Thr kinases hit

0 (10)

50 (14)

50

25 (11)

 % Phe kinases hit

0 (7)

83 (19)

0

0 (2)

 % Met kinases hit

0 (3)

60 (16)

40

60 (11)

 % Leu kinases hit

0 (4)

100 (7)

0

0 (1)

 % other kinases hit

0 (7)

100 (19)

67

0 (9)

scanMAX: Number of hits, Selectivity score

    

 S(35)

47, 0.117

120, 0.298

 

50, 0.124

 S(10)

21, 0.052

60, 0.149

 

29, 0.072

 S(1)

10, 0.025

26, 0.065

 

9, 0.022

scanMAX plots

 

  1. Increasingly negative PRM-FEP+ ΔpKi values predict more selective inhibition of Wee1 over the off-target kinases. Wee1 Selectivity fold is reported for each kinase in the subpanel with its corresponding gatekeeper (GK) residue indicated in brackets. % kinases hit reflects the percentage of kinases with a given gatekeeper residue among the subpanel of 20 kinases that are less than 100-fold selective over Wee1 and, when available, among the scanMAX kinases that have % Ctrl <10 where\(\,{{{\mathrm{\%}}}}{{{\mathrm{Ctrl}}}}{{=}}\frac{{{{\mathrm{test}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{compound}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{signal}}}}{{{\mathrm{-}}}}{{{\mathrm{positive}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{control}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{signal}}}}}{{{{\mathrm{negative}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{control}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{signal}}}}{{{\mathrm{-}}}}{{{\mathrm{positive}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{control}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{signal}}}}}\times 100\%\). Compounds were screened in the scanMAX panel of 403 wild-type human kinases; AZD1775 was screened at 1 µM and compounds 2, 9, and 10 were screened at 500 nM; \({{{\mathrm{Selectivity\; Score}}}}{{,}}S(N)=\frac{{{{\mathrm{number}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{of}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{wild}}}}{{{\mathrm{-}}}}{{{\mathrm{type}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{kinases}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{with}}}}{{{\mathrm{\%}}}}{{{\mathrm{Ctrl}}}}{{{\mathrm{ < }}}}{{{\mathrm{N}}}}}{{{{\mathrm{number}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{of}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{wild}}}}{{{\mathrm{-}}}}{{{\mathrm{type}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{kinases}}}}\; {{{\mathrm{tested}}}}}\).