Fig. 1: Schematic of the model and snapshot of simulations.
From: Mechanical control of cell fate decisions in the skin epidermis
a Schematic of our model for multilayered tissues on top of a basement membrane (BM) shown in black. Each cell has a preferred cell volume V0(t) and cell shape s0. The color scheme denotes the distance of the cell from the BM -- the closest to the furthest cells are colored from blue to red. Noise is added to the cell center (blue sphere). Cell-BM contacts have an additional interfacial tension Ti, rendering the interface relatively flat. b Cell division event is depicted first in the the basal cross-sectional view and below in 3D space: the randomly selected cell (in blue) divides into two daughter cells, that gradually grow back to the original volume. Cell extrusion event occur organically, defined as a basal cell (in blue) being pushed out towards the suprabasal layer (in red), i.e., shrinking its basal area to zero. c Tissue is shown in its steady state (after one complete turnover time of τD). The tissue dimensions are 8 × 8 × 3 (cell units) and contains a total of 192 cells that are divided into basal layer (blue) and the supra-basal layers above (red + orange). Boundary conditions are periodic along the horizontal x and y axes.
