Fig. 5: Correlations between NMC811 and graphite peak position evolution and the cell voltage and ToF signal at a cycling rate of C/8 starting with a cell discharge at 25 °C between 2.7 and 4.2 V.

a Variations in the peak position of graphite, the characteristic biphasic mechanism observed for LiC6 formation, and other biphasic mechanisms are not visible because of the numerous layers probed; b dt/dE curve and ToF evolution with cell voltage; and c variations in the peak position of NMC related to lattice parameter changes depending on the cell voltage. The source data are provided as a Source data file.