Fig. 1: Formation of immune priming in hiPSC-derived astrocytes.
From: Astrocyte priming enhances microglial Aβ clearance and is compromised by APOE4
A Schematic overview of the experimental process for inducing and verifying immune priming in hiPSC-derived astrocytes. B Number and ontology of genes that are upregulated by Poly I:C treatment and subsequently downregulated during recovery in human astrocytes. C Patterns of cytokine secretion change by Poly I:C treatment and the subsequent recovery period. D Changes in IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα transcript levels by Poly I:C treatment, recovery, and second Poly I:C treatment. N = 24, from four independent batches. E Genes with increased reactivity upon second Poly I:C treatment induced by immune priming and their gene ontology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Cuffdiff. Statistical significance was determined by adjusted q-values (<0.05). F Schematic overview of the experimental process for inducing and verifying immune priming in iMGL. G Changes in IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα transcript levels by Poly I:C treatment, recovery, and second Poly I:C treatment in iMGL. N = 4, from two independent batches. All schematics were created in BioRender. Seo, J. (2025) https://BioRender.com/09a0byv. *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001; ns, not significant. (One-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis). Exact P values are provided in the Source Data. Error bar ± S.E.M.
