Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 4D-DIA-MS discovery and PRM-MS validation cohorts

From: Serological proteomic characterization for monitoring liver fibrosis regression in chronic hepatitis B patients on treatment

	4D-DIA-MS: Short-term		PRM-MS: Short-term (n = 54)	p	4D-DIA-MS: Long-term		PRM-MS: Long-term (n = 54)	p
	Train (n = 57)	Test (n = 37)	PRM-MS: Short-term (n = 54)	p	Train (n = 22)	Test (n = 14)	PRM-MS: Long-term (n = 54)	p
Demographics
Age, years	32 (27, 41)	40 (29, 46)	37 (28, 42)	H = 3.816 p = 0.148	44 (37, 51)	41 (37, 49)	37 (28, 42)	H = 12.548 p = 0.002
Male, n (%)	45 (78.9)	25 (67.6)	42 (77.8)	χ² = 1.783 p = 0.410	16 (72.7)	12 (85.7)	42 (77.8)	χ² = 0.835 p = 0.659
Laboratory tests
ALT, U/L
Baseline	89.5 (42.0, 140.6)	84.0 (35.0, 145.0)	72.7 (49.5, 110.0)	H = 0.282 p = 0.869	51.5 (36.0, 63.0)	52.7 (34.0, 79.7)	72.7 (49.5, 110.0)	H = 5.926 p = 0.052
Week 78/260	21.7 (15.0, 31.0)	25.0 (16.8, 32.6)	26.5 (20.0, 38.7)	H = 2.988 p = 0.225	24.0 (18.0, 32.0)	26.5 (21.9, 40.0)	21.7 (16.5, 28.0)	H = 90.000 p = 0.132
AST, U/L
Baseline	53.3 (33.4, 80.0)	51.0 (37.2, 98.4)	53.5 (41.2, 82.0)	H = 0.211 p = 0.900	42.2 (35.0, 53.0)	43.4 (30.0, 83.0)	53.5 (41.2, 82.0)	H = 3.390 p = 0.184
Week 78/260	21.7 (19.0, 27.2)	25.5 (20.0, 30.6)	26.7 (21.0, 31.0)	H = 4.346 p = 0.114	23.1 (19.0, 26.9)	26.0 (22.5, 28.0)	20.2 (18.0, 25.0)	H = 6.614 p = 0.037
Total bilirubin, umol/L
Baseline	13.8 (10.8, 20.0)	14.4 (12.1, 19.5)	16.2 (11.9, 19.1)	H = 0.517 p = 0.772	17.2 (12.9, 20.5)	13.9 (10.9, 21.0)	16.2 (11.9, 19.1)	H = 4.044 p = 0.132
Week 78/260	14.3 (11.2, 16.7)	12.6 (9.0, 17.7)	12.4 (9.7, 15.2)	H = 3.017 p = 0.221	18.0 (13.2, 21.7)	14.8 (11.6, 19.4)	14.0 (9.9, 17.5)	H = 3.877 p = 0.144
Albumin, g/L
Baseline	43.0 (40.0, 46.0)	42.6 (39.0, 47.4)	42.6 (40.0, 45.3)	H = 0.422 p = 0.810	43.6 (40.5, 46.5)	42.5 (39.2, 45.5)	42.6 (40.0, 45.3)	H = 0.685 p = 0.710
Week 78/260	45.4 (43.0, 47.5)	45.5 (43.6, 46.9)	45.4 (43.0, 48.0)	H = 0.023 p = 0.988	47.3 (43.5, 48.6)	44.2 (43.9, 50.0)	46.3 (43.7, 48.3)	H = 0.580 p = 0.748
Platelet, 10^9/L
Baseline	162 (132, 223)	137 (111, 192)	167 (121, 189)	H = 1.963 p = 0.375	128.5 (94, 147)	127 (111, 151.5)	166.5 (121, 189)	H = 9.643 p = 0.008
Week 78/260	161 (121, 202)	142.5 (115, 175.5)	148 (119, 199)	H = 1.854 p = 0.396	146 (126, 193)	164 (103, 255)	195 (171, 223)	H = 11.844 p = 0.003
International normalized ratio
Baseline	1.06 (1.00, 1.14)	1.09 (1.00, 1.14)	1.05 (1.00, 1.13)	H = 1.562 p = 0.458	1.12 (1.05, 1.20)	1.16 (1.03, 1.21)	1.05 (1.00, 1.13)	H = 6.853 p = 0.033
Week 78/260	1.00 (0.96, 1.06)	1.00 (0.96, 1.03)	1.00 (0.93, 1.04)	H = 0.319 p = 0.852	1.01 (0.96, 1.11)	0.98 (0.95, 1.02)	1.01 (0.96, 1.04)	H = 2.041 p = 0.360
HBsAg, 10³IU/mL
Baseline	4.8 (1.6, 9.6)	2.8 (0.8, 5.0)	4.0 (1.9, 13.4)	H = 4.312 p = 0.116	1.7 (0.8, 4.7)	2.8 (2.0, 5.0)	4.0 (1.9, 13.4)	H = 7.955 p = 0.019
HBeAg, n (%)
Baseline	36 (67.9)	26 (72.2)	43 (82.7)	χ² = 3.139 p = 0.208	10 (45.5)	6 (50.0)	43 (82.7)	χ² = 12.194 p = 0.002
HBV DNA, Log IU/mL
Baseline	6.6 (4.8, 7.6)	6.3 (4.7, 7.2)	6.7 (5.4, 7.5)	H = 0.834 p = 0.659	4.7 (3.2, 6.0)	6.1 (4.3, 6.9)	6.7 (5.4, 7.5)	H = 16.447 p = 0.000
Week 78/260	0.0 (0.0, 1.4)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0 (0, 1.4)	H = 1.814 p = 0.404	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	H = 0.660 p = 0.719
LSM, kPa
Baseline	9.9 (7.2, 14.4)	10.7 (8.5, 15.2)	12.6 (8.6, 18.6)	H = 4.373 p = 0.112	13.5 (10.7, 19.6)	14.0 (8.7, 20.4)	12.6 (8.6, 18.6)	H = 0.279 p = 0.870
Week 78/260	6.1 (5.3, 9.1)	6.8 (6.1, 8.2)	6.9 (5.6, 9.1)	H = 1.409 p = 0.494	8.5 (6.7, 10.2)	7.4 (6.1, 11.2)	6.0 (4.6, 8.3)	H = 13.563 p = 0.001
APRI
Baseline	0.8 (0.5, 1.4)	0.9 (0.6, 1.9)	0.9 (0.6, 1.4)	H = 1.198 p = 0.549	0.9 (0.7, 1.4)	0.9 (0.5, 1.6)	0.9 (0.6, 1.4)	H = 0.061 p = 0.970
Week 78/260	0.3 (0.2, 0.5)	0.4 (0.3, 0.6)	0.5 (0.3, 0.6)	H = 4.054 p = 0.132	0.4 (0.3, 0.6)	0.4 (0.3, 0.5)	0.3 (0.2, 0.3)	H = 13.315 p = 0.001
FIB4
Baseline	1.2 (0.9, 1.6)	1.8 (1.0, 3.1)	1.5 (1, 2.2)	H = 4.428 p = 0.109	2.3 (1.6, 3.2)	2.3 (1.7, 2.8)	1.5 (1, 2.2)	H = 9.089 p = 0.011
Week 78/260	1.0 (0.8, 1.6)	1.4 (0.9, 2.4)	1.1 (0.8, 1.6)	H = 5.693 p = 0.058	1.3 (1.1, 2.3)	1.3 (1.0, 1.7)	0.9 (0.7, 1.3)	H = 22.381 p = 0.000
Histological assessments
Ishak fibrosis score, n (%)
Baseline				χ² = 7.600 p = 0.107				χ² = 46.499 p = 0.000
0/1/2	17 (29.8)	10 (27.0)	7 (13.0)		2 (9.1)	3 (21.4)	7 (13.0)
3/4	34 (59.6)	20 (54.1)	33 (61.1)		4 (18.2)	2 (14.3)	33 (61.1)
5/6	6 (10.5)	7 (18.9)	14 (25.9)		4 (18.2)	0 (0.0)	14 (25.9)
Unknown	0	0	0		12 (54.5)	9 (64.3)	0
Week 78/260				χ² = 6.311 p = 0.177				χ² = 10.622 p = 0.031
0/1/2	25 (43.9)	15 (40.5)	15 (27.8)		4 (18.2)	3 (21.4)	22 (40.7)
3/4	26 (45.6)	17 (45.9)	25 (46.3)		12 (54.5)	6 (42.9)	28 (51.9)
5/6	6 (10.5)	5 (13.5)	14 (25.9)		6 (27.3)	5 (35.7)	4 (0.07)

Note: Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), whereas categorical variables were expressed as counts and percentages. For comparisons across three independent groups, continuous variables were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (for normally distributed data with homogeneity of variance) or the Kruskal-Wallis test (for non-normally distributed data). Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test (when expected frequencies ≥ 5) or the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test (when expected frequencies <5). Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05, with significant values highlighted in bold.

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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 4D-DIA-MS discovery and PRM-MS validation cohorts

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