Fig. 2: Panx1 mediates stress-induced senescence in tubular epithelial cells.

a–d Effects of Panx1 knockdown on irradiated HK-2 cells. a Representative images of C12FDG and SA-β-Gal staining. Scale bars, 30 µm (C12FDG); 100 µm (SA-β-Gal). b Relative mRNA levels of senescence markers (Cdkn2a, Cdkn1a, and Tp53). c Representative immunoblot and quantification of p16, p21, and p53. d Relative mRNA levels of SASP factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-β, and TGF-β). For a, c images and blots are representative of n = 3 independent biological replicates. For b, d data are from n = 6 independent biological replicates. e–i Effects of Panx1 overexpression in HK-2 cells. e Representative images of EdU, C12FDG, and SA-β-Gal staining. Scale bars, 50 µm (EdU); 60 µm (C12FDG); 100 µm (SA-β-Gal). f Cell cycle distribution analysis. g Representative immunoblot and quantification of p16, p21, and p53. h Relative mRNA levels of senescence markers (Cdkn2a, Cdkn1a, and Tp53). i Relative mRNA levels of SASP factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-β, and TGF-β). For e, f images are representative of n = 3 independent biological replicates. For g–i data are from n = 6 independent biological replicates. The qPCR and immunoblot results are shown as the fold change compared with the control group. All quantitative data are presented as means ± SD. P values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s correction for multiple comparisons (b–d) or a two-sided Student’s t-test (f–i). Exact P values are provided in the Source Data file. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, NS not significant.