Fig. 5: Electrochemical CO2 reduction performance.

a LSV curves recorded in Ar-saturated and CO2-saturated 3 M KCl +1 M HCl electrolyte with pH = 1.0. b Distribution of CO2RR products of OD-Cu in 3 M KCl +1 M HCl electrolyte with pH = 1.0. Error bars represent the standard deviation based on three independent measurements. c Distribution of CO2RR products of AC-OD-Cu in 3 M KCl +1 M HCl electrolyte with pH = 1.0. Error bars represent the standard deviation based on three independent measurements. d Long-term stability test of AC-OD-Cu and OD-Cu at 500 mA cm−2 (85% iR-correction, Resistance = 0.95 Ω and 1.05 of AC-OD-Cu and OD-Cu, respectively). e Long-term stability test with additional oxygen of AC-OD-Cu and OD-Cu at 500 mA cm−2 (85% iR-correction, Resistance = 0.96 Ω and 1.01 Ω of AC-OD-Cu and OD-Cu, respectively).