Fig. 3: X-ray magnetic spectroscopies with angular dependence in RuO2(101) thin films.
From: Evidence for single variant in altermagnetic RuO2(101) thin films
a XAS taken by linearly polarized beams at θ = −55°. b XMCD by the difference of circularly polarized beams. c–h XMLD with angular dependence. In the top three panels, the sample was rotated along the in-plane axis of θ = − 55°, 0°, and + 35° as displayed in the illustrations. The directions of the Néel vectors in RuO2 are also illustrated (red arrows). The bottom three panels display the cases of sample rotation φ = 90° along the sample surface normal. Vertical axis scales are unified for all XMCD and XMLD panels. All measurements were performed at 80 K.
