Fig. 1: Profiling of pathological stage- and location-specific cell types in MS brain tissue vs. non neurological controls. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Profiling of pathological stage- and location-specific cell types in MS brain tissue vs. non neurological controls.

From: Spatially-restricted inflammation-induced senescent-like glia in multiple sclerosis and patient-derived organoids

Fig. 1

a Study design for punch-based sampling of brain tissues (cortex and WM at different locations and pathological stages, i.e., myelinated cortex, demyelinated cortex, periplaque WM, lesion edge, and lesion core) from relatively young progressive MS cases (n = 30) and non-neurological controls (n = 13). Created in BioRender. Absinta, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/d0hxq2g. b Representative image of punch-based sampling of CAL edge, periplaque NAWM, and myelinated cortex (see Supplementary Data 1 for a detailed description of each sample and identification number). c Number of tissue samples for each location (control cortex, MS myelinated and demyelinated cortex, control WM) and pathological stages. d Representative multiplex immunostaining showing the pathological staging of MS tissue based on myelination status, presence of neurons, and characterization of the myeloid infiltrate (TMEM119+ for surveilling microglia and MHCII+ for activated antigen-presenting microglia). Dotted lines correspond to the lesion edge in CA and CI lesions. Scale bar 50 μm. e snRNA-seq clustering of 197,912 nuclei by cell type, labelled based on known lineage markers, and visualized as UMAP plot. Each dot corresponds to a single nucleus and each colour to a cell-type cluster. f Dot plot depicting selected differentially expressed genes for each cluster and associated cluster labelling. Dot size corresponds to the percentage of nuclei expressing the gene in each cluster, and the colour represents the average expression level. g Averaged percentage of cell populations in the different microenvironments. snRNA-seq single-nucleus RNA sequencing, WM white matter, NAWM normal appearing white matter, MS multiple sclerosis, CA chronic active, CAL chronic active lesion, UMAP uniform manifold approximation and projection, CI chronic inactive, VAS vascular cells, OPC oligoprecursor cells, AST astrocytes, LYM lymphocytes, OLIGO oligodendrocytes, NEU neurons.

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