Fig. 3: The electrochemical properties of MXene-configured graphite electrode.
From: MXene-configured graphite towards long-life lithium-ion batteries under extreme conditions
a The activation energy of Li+ desolvation in MXene-configured graphite electrode, showing a low activation energy. b The dQ/dV curves of MXene-configured graphite electrode at −20 °C in half cell, exhibiting a low electrochemical polarization. c DCM curve of MXene-configured graphite electrode at −20 °C, in which the low slope indicates a low surface area of plated lithium on the MXene interface. Cycling performance (d) and corresponding CC/CV charging stages (e) of Ah-level pouch cell with MXene-configured graphite electrode at the temperatures from 40 to −20 °C, disclosing a good low-temperature capability. f Photographs associated with SEM images of fully lithiated MXene-configured graphite electrode after 100 cycles at 1 C@ − 20 °C, exhibiting a dendrite-free morphology.
