Fig. 1: Multi-material nanomembranes on optical fibers for a functional photonic platform.

a Schematic diagram of the enhanced light–matter interaction with nanomembranes on optical fibers. b Analysis of light–matter interaction with different wrapping angles for nanomembranes on fiber, showing the continuously enhanced interaction with increased wrapping angles. c Schematic of nanomembranes on fiber platform. In this platform, multiple devices can be integrated into a single fiber for multifunctional applications. d SEM images of homogeneous materials, including metal (Ti), oxide (VO₂), and semiconductors (Si) conformal on optical fiber, achieved by our proposed conformal strategies. Insets are the corresponding optical images. e SEM images of heterogeneous nanomembranes including Pd/Cr, Si/Te, and SU-8/pNIPAM. Insets are the optical images of each structure. Scale bars, 20 μm.