Fig. 3: Multiple structural designs of nanomembranes conformal on microfibers.

a Nanomembranes (NMs) with different planar patterns tightly wrapped on microfibers (MFs). Left, design for conformal various patterned NMs on MFs. Middle, the experiments for achieving conformal structures with such patterns. Scale bars, 20 μm. Right, the simulation results confirm the tight wrapping. b The programmable conformal structures by tuning the position relationship between NMs and MFs. By changing the angle θ, the conformal helical structures have distinguished geometrical parameters, including turns and pitches. Scale bars, 50 μm. c The detailed analysis of the helical structures in (b). The changed angle θ results in the different pitches of conformal structures, as shown in (b). Theoretical calculation shows the high consistency with experiments. d Array assembly and layer-by-layer assembly of NMs on MFs. Top, the schematic for array assembly and layer-by-layer assembly. Bottom, the different assembly achieved by NMs pattern design. Scale bars, left: 100 μm, right: 20 μm. e Complex patterns of NMs on MFs. We use “W” and “V” shaped patterns for achieving complicated conformal structures. Scale bars, 100 μm.