Fig. 6: Cycling stability of anode-free batteries at harsh conditions. | Nature Communications

Fig. 6: Cycling stability of anode-free batteries at harsh conditions.

From: Dipole-dipole interaction-induced dense primitive solid-electrolyte interphase for high-power Ah-level anode-free sodium metal batteries

Fig. 6

a Schematic illustration of battery configurations and estimated energy densities of sodium-ion batteries, sodium-metal batteries, anode-less sodium-metal batteries, anode-free sodium-metal batteries. b Full cell performance of anode-free C@Al| |NVP coin cells, using different electrolytes, at cathode loading of 10 mg cm−2 and 3 C, following three formation cycles at 0.1 C and seven formation cycles at 0.5 C. c Cycling stability of anode-free C@Al| |NVP coin cells, using different electrolytes, at cathode loading of 15 mg cm−2 and 1 C, following three formation cycles at 0.1 C and seven formation cycles at 0.5 C, with the corresponding voltage-capacity profiles of (d) NGMPE and (e) NG2 (Supplementary Note 6). Cycling performance of (f) anode-free C@Al| |NVP coin cells following three formation cycles at 0.1 C, using water-contained electrolytes (5000 ppm), at cathode loading of 10 mg cm−2 and 1 C, (g) anode-less Na| |NVP coin cells at 60 °C and 10 C, with cathode loading of 3 mg cm−2 and N/P ratio = 5.

Back to article page