Fig. 4: Inhibition of biofilm formation by AIM-12S/R and their supramolecular materials AIM-12S/R@β-CD.
From: Chiral dependence of multifunctional supramolecular materials in crop protection
A–D Quantification of Xoo biofilm formation quantified by crystal violet staining (OD570 nm) after 48 h incubation with varying concentrations of AIM-12S (A), AIM-12S@β-CD (B), AIM-12R (C), AIM-12R@β-CD (D). E CLSM 3D images of Xoo stained with acridine orange and Xoo colonies grown on NA solid medium following treatment with the same agents for 48 h. F Quantification of green fluorescence intensity from CLSM images, indicating Xoo growth and biofilm biomass, analyzed using ImageJ. G Statistical analysis of Xoo colony numbers on the upper layer of NA medium. In A–D, F, G data are presented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with LSD post-hoc analysis was used to determine statistical differences, and significance levels were indicated by asterisks (n ≥ 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; ns no significance). All experiments were performed with a minimum of three biological replicates, with sample sizes indicated in the corresponding figures. Source data are available in the Source Data file.
