Table 1 Benchmark of Pockels photonic memory against other non-volatile photonic memory platforms

Platform

Power consumption (pJ/state)

Capacity (bits/ cell)

Measured retention (s)

Endurance (cycles)

Disturbance from electrical readout

Charge-trapping³⁹

17.2

4

/

/

Yes

PCM^{7,40,41,42,43,44,45}

13.4–54500

1−6

40–60

10²-10⁶

Yes

Ferroelectric material^14,15,16

4.6–600,000

3

10–36,000

/

Yes

Memristor¹¹

0.15

2

43,200

10³

Yes

This work

0.0651

4

97,200

10⁷

No