Fig. 3: The concentration variation of PCl3 in n-hexane or PIP in water affected physiochemical characteristics and elemental compositions of fabricated NF membranes under conditions of fixed 0.10 wt% TMC in n-hexane. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: The concentration variation of PCl3 in n-hexane or PIP in water affected physiochemical characteristics and elemental compositions of fabricated NF membranes under conditions of fixed 0.10 wt% TMC in n-hexane.

From: Backflow H+ during interfacial polymerization matters to configure spatial charges of polyamide membranes

Fig. 3

A AFM topographic images; B SEM surface morphology; C TEM cross-sectional appearance; D Superficial O/N ratios; and E Surface zeta potentials. The membranes were fabricated with a fixed 2.0 wt% PIP in water and the extra addition of 0, 1, 4, 20 × 10-3 mol L−1 PCl3 in n-hexane, respectively, or with 4 × 10−3 mol L−1 PCl3 in n-hexane and 1.0 wt% or 3.0 wt% PIP in water (in the order from left to right).

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