Fig. 3: Role of interferon signalling in SLE pathogenesis.

A Upstream regulators of interferon response genes (IFNA* contains multi-gene interferon-alpha gene cluster). B Downstream transcriptional targets of the interferon signalling (HLA* marks the HLA region). The increased gene expression is marked in red, while reduced gene expression is marked in blue. The visualisation illustrates the effect on USP18 target genes in relation to the SLE risk allele. DE - differential gene expression in SLE cases versus controls49; GWAS - GWAS hits for SLE33, ChEMBL, phase III - SLE phase III clinical trials from ChEMBL56, PID - genes causing primary immunodeficiency from Genomics England. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.