Fig. 4: Evaluation of catalytic mechanism under gradient metal loading.

a The open-circuit potential changes of Fe-SAC-x when PMS or SMX is added, respectively. b Effects of PMS or SMX addition on the i–t curves at the corresponding open circuit potential. c In situ FTIR spectra of Fe-SAC, PMS alone, and Fe-SAC combined with PMS (The shaded area corresponds to the stretching vibration of the -OH bond produced by the adsorption of PMS on the catalyst surface). d Effects of quenching reactive oxygen species on the degradation of SMX. e Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of TEMP−1O2 during SMX degradation in the Fe-SAC-4.31/PMS system. f Exponential Association model fit of apparent rate constant vs metal loading (R2 = 0.99). g Adsorption energy of PMS by Fe-SAC-x and the differential charge density, Bader charge transfer after the adsorption of PMS by Fe-SAC-x with different Fe loading. h Energy profiles of 1O2 derived reaction on varying Fe density models. The error bars in the figures represent the standard deviations from triplicate tests.