Fig. 5: AAV-delivered bnAb levels (blue lines, left scale) and their ADA responses (black dashed lines, right scale) in serum in a previous monkey trial.

a C-rh 3BNC117, b C-rh 10-1074, and c C-rh PGT145. A historical monkey study (IS-84) conducted by our lab is shown to highlight the immunogenicity problem that is associated with AAV-mediated delivery of bnAbs. Following AAV vector administration to monkeys, levels of rhesus constant regions (C-rh) 3BNC117, C-rh 10-1074, and C-rh PGT145 were readily detectable, but those levels dropped to near or below the limit of detection coincidentally with the rise of ADAs to the three bnAbs by weeks 4–12 post AAV. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.